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Martin Fletchers Portrayal of Religion in Almost Heaven...

In order to properly analyze Martin Fletchers portrayal of religion in his first book, the travel-based work of non-fiction Almost Heaven: Travels Through the Backwoods of America, it is essential to elucidate his general purpose and path in embarking on this literary and literal journey. Fletcher is a British citizen who had been stationed in Washingtons District of Columbia for several years prior to engaging on his trek across the U.S. As such, he informs the reader early on in the manuscript that he sought those places he had either reported about or heard about during his tenure as a reporter. One of his goals was to travel to places that were off the proverbial beaten track, cities and small town areas in which tourists do not visit, and which many Americans who do not happen to live there are not even aware of. As such, it is fairly apparent that his goal is to find as many people and events taking place in these areas that are non-traditional as possible the fact that many of them happen to pertain to religion only emphasizes their exotic nature, particularly to other conventionally conservative Europeans. In this respect, the reader can infer (if from nothing else than from the title alone) that the author will portray religion in a decidedly light-hearted manner although the author seems to even surprise himself in uncovering a religious conviction even he cannot deny at times. In attempting to write about a religious levity that shows up in seemingly

A+P vs Araby Free Essays

Araby and AP are both short stories, written by famous authors. Although they were written in different times, as well as in different countries, they have many similarities. These similarities can be found both in their contexts and their settings. We will write a custom essay sample on A+P vs Araby or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both stories are about young men, leading dull lives, and who go through a major change by the end of the story, while trying to get away from their lives. In both stories this change takes place while trying to please a female who triggers something inside them, causing them to act. Araby and AP are stories of unsuccessful attempts to escape from ordinary lives, only in different ways. What catches the readers’ attention in both stories first, are the settings. In both stories the protagonists describe the neighborhoods and the daily life in the cities that they live in, in detail. While they make these descriptions, telling the reader about the neighborhood through their eyes, they also give information about their mindscapes, and we understand what they think of the places they live in. The boy in Araby uses many negative words while describing the setting. ‘‘†¦ ninhabited†¦ blind end†¦ detached†¦ imperturbable†¦ dark†¦ muddy ( pg 427)’’ That is how we empathize with him: being able to picture the dullness and the gloominess of that city in Ireland, and also its detachedness from other places. Similarly, Sammy in AP describes the town he lives in by referring to everyone around him as sheep, vividl y describing the distinction between the beach and his town, which causes us to again picture a small town with many mostly older people who lead uneventful lives, and a young boy who has lived there and worked in the same shop all his life. ‘†¦ all three of them went up to the cat-and-dog-food-breakfast-cereal-macaroni-rice-raisins-seasonings-spreads-spaghetti-soft drinks-crackers-and-cookies aisle. ’’(pg 865) In this way we know that both characters are not happy with the lives they are leading. They have no ambitions and nothing to hold on to. Everything they talk about sounds too simple. With nothing to hold on to, both characters are in search of something that will give them the courage to do something different, something that will spice up their lives. For the boy in Araby, the escape from his boring everyday life comes with his love for a girl. She is the only light in his dark life, his only source for joy. He devotes himself to this girl so much that she becomes a god-like figure. ‘‘The light from the lamp caught the white curve on her neck, lit up her hair that rested there and, falling, lit up the hand upon the railing. (pg 429)’’ The same thing happens to Sammy when the three girls in bathing suits come into the store that he is working at. The leading girl of the group, who he calls ‘Queeny’, is different from everyone he knows in the town. He is fascinated by her. ‘†¦ just her, this clean bare plane of the top of her chest down from the shoulder bones like a dented sheet of metal tilted in the light. I mean, it was more than pretty. (pg 865)’’ The girl is the long-awaited lights in Sammy’s life. Since they are fascinated by these girls so much, the boys can’t stand their being sad. The girl in Araby is sad because she is not able to go to a festival that she wants to go to, where as ‘Queenie’ is sad because she has been scolded in front of everyone by the manager of the market. The boys, finally having found something to fight for. They feel themselves as their saviors. The boy in Araby feels like it is his duty and responsibility to make the girl happy. ‘‘I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. (pg 428)’’ In the same way, Sammy in AP quits his job, thinking he is now the girl’s hero, who stood up against his boss to save her from the embarassment. ‘‘So I say ‘I quit’ to Lengel quick enough for them to hear, hoping they’ll stop and watch me, their unsuspected hero. pg 868)’’ It is not long before both of them realize that it was not actually worth it, and that what they had imagined weren’t actually true. The boy realizes that he is not capable of doing what he was trying to do. He is too young to be buying a gift with the little money he has, from a big bazaar, and for a girl much older that he is. Sammy realizes that in reality he can not do an ything else other than to be a cashier at a supermarket. They both understand that they were not actually who they thought they were. The boy in Araby was never going to be the lover of the girl he loved, and Sammy was never the girls’ hero. After these realizations they both find themselves in an emptiness, having suddenly lost the mission of their lives. The boy is angry with himself (I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger(pg 431)) and Sammy doesn’t know what to do next. ‘‘My stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter. (pg 869)’’ But they both know it is going to be How to cite A+P vs Araby, Papers

Marketing and Management Maruti Suzuki

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Management for Maruti Suzuki. Answer: Introduction: Motor vehicles have enhanced independence and mobility for individuals and families in Australia. Australian Market is one of the largest markets for passenger car. The car market is worth over $160 billion dollars in terms of annual turnover. Having employee base of over 400,000, the automotive industry boosts of its domestic manufacturing facilities which contributes to the economy of the country at large. Automobile industry has undergone a lot of changes with the advancement in technology and the desire for comfort. The impact of this is that the companies have to work very hard to meet the preferences of the customers. The industry is highly competitive and such competition will probably intensify as new entrants flood the market as well as worldwide consolidation and globalization. The industry takes the lead in innovation given that it invests much on research and development. MARUTI SUZUKI is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation and the latter a greater stake in the compa ny. MARUTI SUZUKI was the first company to undertake mass production and selling of cars in Australia. It is recognized for bringing revolutionary changes in the Australian automobile industry. It has its headquarters in New Delhi and is current among the market leaders in the larger Asian region. Generally, automobile industry is a fast-paced in terms of growth. This is attributed to market saturation and high market penetration level. Suzuki and other companies compete for a market whose growth is very fast. As a result, every firm is working hard to gain bigger market share. The industry has experienced an oscillatory growth due to shifts in the economic conditions across the globe as well as the effects of globalization. Prior to 2008 recession, automobile industry has a steady record of growth. However, the recession which increased the level of unemployment also affected the amount that consumers would spend on normal goods including cars. Looked at in general terms, the overall sales of passenger cars have remained steady throughout 2016 (). The seasonal fluctuations are leveled off by global variance in purchase. MARUTI SUZUKI has put strategies in place to ensure that the organization maintains as steady growth despite the changes in the industry. Profitability Markets profitability helps companies to evaluate the suitability of a market for targeting and positioning. Apart from being a saturated and challenging industry, automobile industry is affected by many other factors including competition, pricing, and lifestyle. These factors adversely affect the sales prospects in the industry which ultimately impacts on the profitability of the industry. Currently, most major manufacturers getting out of Australia with Toyota and Holden scheduled to close down by 2017. This makes the Australian market not viable for mass production of cars from scratch. MARUTI Suzuki has the greatest share. 2012 Data on overseas production showed that the company has received a total of 1,834,000 units, which was 102.9% compared earlier years. Global production also experienced a great increase. The total domestic sales for surged by 10% to a volume of 5,210,000 units. Furthermore, the Australian government offered subsidies for acquisition of environmentally-friendly models for the first half of 2012 fiscal year. These subsidies stimulated demand to a level that the sales volume went beyond five million units. The company exports more than 50,000 cars annually and commands a larger domestic market of over 730,000 cars annually. Close to half of the cars sold in Australia are Maruti cars. Macro Environment Macro environment refers to the external factors that have both direct and indirect influence on the operation of the entire business in the country or within an industry. Being that MARUTI SUZUKI operates in a highly competitive industry market, it has to keep guard against losing it market share. However, the company prides in its large scope of operation. The company is also affected by other external forces that determine its success in the market this include political, economic, social, technological, environmental, legal factors. For further analysis of the above factors and how each affects MARUTI SUZUKI refer to appendix 1. Nature of Competition in the Industry Automobile industry is one of the industries in Australia with intense competition since it has mature market. However, Suzuki and Toyota are main leaders taking the major share of the market. The major competitors have creating a cutthroat environment which makes it hard for new entrants to gain substantial share. The industry is characterized by efficient production, high product quality, and reasonable pricing which requires extensive resources and this keeps away potential entrants that can add into the competition strength (Gulati, Nohria, Zaheer, 2000). Competition from both local and foreign brands has been a threat to Suzuki since a portion of its markets share is flipping away. Being one of the leaders in the industry, Suzuki boosts of readily available distribution channels. Their brand dominates the shelves of major distribution stores within the country. One of the competitive strategy that Suzuki has been using since time immemorial is product differentiation (Maruti Suzuki Limited, 2008). Driven by the desire to capture the spirit of individualism, Suzuki has come up with products with unique styles for different people. Strengths MARUTI SUZUKI TOYOTA Strengths Market Leader in passenger vehicle segment Strong and efficient distribution channels/ networks Focus on developing new vehicles to tap more buyers Greater market share (commands 45% of the passenger vehicle) Large network of dealers and after sales services in the entire country. Strong Brand Value and Loyal Customer Base. Good product lines with good fuel efficiency Pioneers in sales of secondhand vehicles Enhanced revenue from after sale services Strengths Distinctive competency focusing of consumer loyalty. Combination of technology and fitness in the products Products in both mid- and premium range Extensive reach through departmental stores, specialty retailers, company-owned stores, and licensees. Weaknesses Younger generation developing greater affinity for foreign brands such as Nissan and Volkswagen Less exploration in the SUV segment as compared to its competitors. Disharmony between the companys labor union and the management. Low interior quality inside the vehicles. Wavering profitability. It concentrates on youths and young adults only while ignoring other population Lack of store serving females Overdependence on sportswear sales. Weaknesses Poor marketing Low level of differentiation Less exploration in the mini and mid range vehicles. Wavering profitability in the industry Suzuki faces stiff competition from Toyota, Ford, and Honda. However, Suzuki has a competitive advantage based on its focus on product differentiation (Maruti Suzuki Limited, 2008). Secondly, the company has shifted into embrace the sense of individualism by releasing products with individual style. They also work on embracing fashion together with development of new products. According to Porters model, there are three main variables that can assist a company to outperform their competitors in the market (Trefis Team, 2013; KINETICS, 2015). They include focus, overall cost leadership, and differentiation. For example, if all the products available in the market are the same then the company that offers lower costs would have a competitive advantage. Porters further states that product differentiation is vital when products are similar in the market (Trefis Team, 2013; Bonoma, 1985). Automobile industry is a free market characterized by differentiated oligopoly behavior. There are lo cal and international manufacturers offering cars of different types, design, and capacity. For example, Mercedes, Audi and BMW offer high class cars with unique characteristics in every model. Hyundai, Nisan, and Maruti offer middle class cars which have different positioning. The products are differentiated through technology, styling, pricing, design, and after sale services. Even though competitors exist in the market, each of them has a unique differentiation strategy (Bonoma, 1985; Dunning, 1996). The vehicles are slightly different hence there is need for continuous development of new products. This is what has continually given Suzuki an advantage over its competitors. Suzuki has worked to introduce new products that consumers cannot overlook and this adds into its brand strength. As a result, Suzuki has managed to maintain its leading position in the international industry environment (Maruti, 2011). Major Market Segments for Suzuki MARUTI SUZUKI provides cars across varied segments. It provides 15 brands with over 150 variants (Arasu, 2013). The company expanded its manufacturing capacity in 2013 up to a level of 17.5 million (Maruti Suzuki Limited, 2013). The main market segment for Suzuki include Mini, Compact, Midrange, executive, premium, and luxury. MARUTI SUZUKI has employed the STP approach in segmentation. After segmenting, a segment (s) is chosen for targeting and products are positioned in a manner to resonate with the target market (MARUTI SUZUKI Inc. 2010). Maruti Suzuki provides cars for the new generation and the changeable lifestyle. They are constantly employing new technologies and apply them to products. Maruti Suzuki has a strategy of catering for all segments by offering products at all price points. The company offers affordable cars in all the segments (luxury, family, and sporting) (Maruti Suzuki Limited, 2013) Demographic Segments MARUTI SUZUKI uses demographic segmentation to reach out to consumers of different age groups, gender, generation, occupation, and life-cycle stage. Primarily, MARUTI SUZUKI often targets all people through increased quality, production and other customer centric ventures. The company serves both male and female equally. Recently, MARUTI SUZUKI has launched into products along lines of young professionals. MARUTI SUZUKI does not use race, ethnicity, social class, or religion. However, it uses variables such as income and education given the high price of its products (Maruti Suzuki Limited, 2013). Geographically, MARUTI SUZUKI has the highest market is India, Australia, and then Western Europe followed by China. In these regions, the company focuses on urban areas where population densities are high. The company is working very hard to ensure their cars fits the needs of the Australian market (Maruti Suzuki Limited, 2008). In behavioral segment, MARUTI SUZUKI is often concerned more on how the products make the consumers to feel (Kotler, Armstrong, 2013). In other words, the athletic sportswear should make athletes enjoy being athletes. MARUTI SUZUKI uses this type of segmentation to gain customer loyalty which guarantees the company an increase in sales and expansion of the market share. For instance, the implementation of game theory often makes customers to disregard rational thinking while making decisions and follow their feelings (Kotler, Armstrong, 2013). Customer loyalty is vital for companies that operate in competitive industries like that of MARUTI SUZUKI and other companies. The company can only excel when they provide the consumers with choice quality and innovation (Arusa, 2013). MARUTI SUZUKI also targets people with specific lifestyle and personalities, particularly people who have great interest in sports. The marketing strategy adopted by MARUTI SUZUKI is intended to create a feeling that goes beyond the product. Sports have a way of influencing personalities and lifestyle. Ideally, most of MARUTI SUZUKIs product targets various individuals depending on regions and continents. The primary target of MARUTI SUZUKI products is personalities that desire comfort in their transport (Maruti). Level of Involvement of Primary Segment in Decision Making Every market segment requires unique marketing program without which a company may not maximize the potential yields in the segment. Primary segment, for example, provides a framework or a basis for promotion, offers, prices, a combination of various variables and distribution channels. It is the primary segment that gives the company the impetus required for success or any action taking in the secondary segments. Primary segments provide necessary insights for justifying marketing strategy, planning, and development. Majority of the consumers of MARUTI SUZUKI products are the sportsmen. They form the primary segment of the Company. MARUTI SUZUKI reaches this segment through collaboration with teams, sponsorship, and college athletic for product support (Sharmah, 2012). As a result, the company is able to reach many consumers who are more likely to purchase the companys products. The company pays close attention to the sportsmen more than other people who are also likely to purchase the same products. MARUTI SUZUKI is primarily concerned with passenger cars. Within this segment, there are different designs depending on peoples preference. Thus MARUTI SUZUKI has to segment its market in different categories in specific regions. Using STP approach (Segmentation - Targeting Positioning), an organization uses the primary segment as target market and position products based on requirements of the primary segment. The primary segment provides the criteria for developing marketing program and positioning strategy. In the case of MARUTI SUZUKI, sports are the main segment areas. Thus marketing programs are aligned with specific people in every region. Primary segment also provides a place for undertaking probability survey and projecting the same to the entire market (Jones, Rees, Hall, Tang, 2005). In MARUTI SUZUKI, the primary segment is likely to take high level of involvement which translates to high risk purchase and is typical expansive. For example, decisions such as choosing design of goods. The design for passenger cars and other products is highly dependent on primary segment (Kotler, et al 2005). Apart from aligning with business goals and organizational capabilities, the design of products must take into account the preferences of the target segment. In this case, MARUTI SUZUKI focuses on customer preferences and current technology. Another major decision making that requires extensive involvement of the primary segment is quality management. In this case, MARUTI SUZUKI works very hard to make sure that they meet the consumer expectations regarding the quality of product. The decision involving location strategy must incorporate the primary segment. The physical location of an organization must be in proximity with the target market, suppliers, and employees. In the case of MARUTI SUZUKI, the decision on the physical location of production facility is based on the costs and nearness to the target market. For example, because of the cheap labor in Southeast Asia, MARUTI SUZUKI has most of the suppliers ailing from the region. The marketing environment is subject to external forces that influence marketing management and the ability to develop and sustain healthy connections with the target market. MARUTI SUZUKI engages formal analysis in understanding the needs and wants of a specific market segment. The accessibility, measurability, and viability of the segment affect the decision on whether the products and services offered for the segment are relevant to the distribution channels and their cost effectiveness. The primary segment must be sustainable. In that, it should be able to show long lasting effects (Epstein, Buhovac, Yuthas, 2010). References Arasu, K. (2013). Maruti Udyog Limited Company Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.managmentparadise.com Bonoma, T. (1985). Case Research in Marketing: Opportunities, Problems, and a Process. Journal of Marketing Research, 12, 199-208. Dunning , J.H. (1996). The Geographical Sources of the Competitiveness of Firms: Some Results of a New Survey. Transnational Corporations, 5(3), 129 Gulati, R., Nohria, N., Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic Networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 203-215. Jones, S.C., Rees, L., Hall, D. Tang, A. (2005). Using market segmentation theory to select target markets for sun protection campaigns. KINETICS, H. (2015, March). Five competitive forces in sport business environments. Retrieved from https://www.humankinetics.com Kotler, P. et al (2005). Principles of Marketing. UK: Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2013).Principles of marketing(15th ed.). EnglewoodCliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Maruti Suzuki India Limited. Maruti Suzuki Limited. (2008). Annual Report 2007-08, Maruti Suzuki Limited. Maruti (2011), Maruti Suzuki Ltd website. Available at:https://www.marutisuzuki.com/about-us.aspx Maruti Suzuki Limited. (2013). Annual Report 2012-13, Maruti Suzuki Limited Maruti Suzuki Limited. (2013). Marketing Essay. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com Sharmah, P. (2012). Maruti Suzuki Limited. From slideshare https://pdf.marketpublishers.com/bac_swot/maruti_suzuki_india_ltd_swot_analysis_bac.pdf Singh, N. Salwan, P. (2015). Contribution of Parent Company in Growth of its Subsidiary in Emerging Markets: Case Study of Maruti Suzuki. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, Vol. 17(1)

Technology In Agriculture, And Its Application To The Grapes Of Wrath Essay Example For Students

Technology In Agriculture, And Its Application To The Grapes Of Wrath Essay Word Count: 308 Although technology has become a standard in todays society, it was a major cause of the Great Depression. Before the advent of the tractor, may people made their living as farmers. As seen in The Grapes of Wrath, many of these people lost their occupations and their farms due to industrialization of farming. A tractor did the work of fifteen farming families, so more and more families were put out of business by the owners of these tractors. John Steinbeck lived with migrant workers such as the Joad family before he wrote The Grapes of Wrath. We will write a custom essay on Technology In Agriculture, And Its Application To The Grapes Of Wrath specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His fictionalization of a family forced out of the dust bowl accurately shows the effects of technology on the farming family. They were forced out of their home to make way for a large company, as was everyone else in the area. They got word of work in California, so they packed up the family into a big truck and headed West. Most of the work was already taken, and the demand for jobs was so high that it drove the wage down. The Joads had to keep moving. Big business has always been the downfall of the family business. In the 1930s, the tractor allowed smaller groups to produce greater amounts of product, and this overproduction led to price fluctuation over that period. In the case of wheat, the size of bushels shrank and the price of a bushel grew. The smaller producers who could not affort to industrialize had to cope with these lower prices, which drove them out of business. The same principle is in effect in present time; its almost akin to survival of the fittest. The ones who can adapt to the changing times will survive. .

Free Essays on Kurds

Introduction Of all the ethnic groups in the world, the Kurds are one of the largest that has no state to call their own. According to historian William Westermann, "The Kurds can present a better claim to race purity...than any people which now inhabits Europe." (Bonner, p. 63, 1992) Over the past hundred years, the desire for an independent Kurdish state has created conflicts mainly with the Turkish and Iraqi populations in the areas where most of the Kurds live. This conflict has important geographical implications as well. The history of the Kurdish nation, the causes for these conflicts, and an analysis of the situation will be discussed in this paper. History of the Kurds The Kurds are a Sunni Muslim people living primarily in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. The 25 million Kurds have a distinct culture that is not at all like their Turkish, Persian, and Arabic neighbors (Hitchens, p. 36, 1992). It is this cultural difference between the groups that automatically creates the potential for conflict. Of the 25 million Kurds, approximately 10 million live in Turkey, four million in Iraq, five million in Iran, and a million in Syria, with the rest scattered throughout the rest of the world (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). The Kurds also have had a long history of conflict with these other ethnic groups in the Middle East, which we will now look at. The history of Kurds in the area actually began during ancient times. However, the desire for a Kurdish homeland did not begin until the early 1900’s, around the time of World War I. In his Fourteen Points, President Woodrow Wilson promised the Kurds a sovereign state (Hitchens, p. 54, 1992). The formation of a Kurdish st ate was supposed to have been accomplished through the Treaty of Sevres in 1920 which said that the Kurds could have an independent state if they wanted one (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). With the formation of Turkey in 1923, Kemal Ataturk, the new Turkish President, threw out the trea... Free Essays on Kurds Free Essays on Kurds Introduction Of all the ethnic groups in the world, the Kurds are one of the largest that has no state to call their own. According to historian William Westermann, "The Kurds can present a better claim to race purity...than any people which now inhabits Europe." (Bonner, p. 63, 1992) Over the past hundred years, the desire for an independent Kurdish state has created conflicts mainly with the Turkish and Iraqi populations in the areas where most of the Kurds live. This conflict has important geographical implications as well. The history of the Kurdish nation, the causes for these conflicts, and an analysis of the situation will be discussed in this paper. History of the Kurds The Kurds are a Sunni Muslim people living primarily in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. The 25 million Kurds have a distinct culture that is not at all like their Turkish, Persian, and Arabic neighbors (Hitchens, p. 36, 1992). It is this cultural difference between the groups that automatically creates the potential for conflict. Of the 25 million Kurds, approximately 10 million live in Turkey, four million in Iraq, five million in Iran, and a million in Syria, with the rest scattered throughout the rest of the world (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). The Kurds also have had a long history of conflict with these other ethnic groups in the Middle East, which we will now look at. The history of Kurds in the area actually began during ancient times. However, the desire for a Kurdish homeland did not begin until the early 1900’s, around the time of World War I. In his Fourteen Points, President Woodrow Wilson promised the Kurds a sovereign state (Hitchens, p. 54, 1992). The formation of a Kurdish st ate was supposed to have been accomplished through the Treaty of Sevres in 1920 which said that the Kurds could have an independent state if they wanted one (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). With the formation of Turkey in 1923, Kemal Ataturk, the new Turkish President, threw out the trea... Free Essays on Kurds Introduction Of all the ethnic groups in the world, the Kurds are one of the largest that has no state to call their own. According to historian William Westermann, "The Kurds can present a better claim to race purity...than any people which now inhabits Europe." (Bonner, p. 63, 1992) Over the past hundred years, the desire for an independent Kurdish state has created conflicts mainly with the Turkish and Iraqi populations in the areas where most of the Kurds live. This conflict has important geographical implications as well. The history of the Kurdish nation, the causes for these conflicts, and an analysis of the situation will be discussed in this paper. History of the Kurds The Kurds are a Sunni Muslim people living primarily in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. The 25 million Kurds have a distinct culture that is not at all like their Turkish, Persian, and Arabic neighbors (Hitchens, p. 36, 1992). It is this cultural difference between the groups that automatically creates the potential for conflict. Of the 25 million Kurds, approximately 10 million live in Turkey, four million in Iraq, five million in Iran, and a million in Syria, with the rest scattered throughout the rest of the world (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). The Kurds also have had a long history of conflict with these other ethnic groups in the Middle East, which we will now look at. The history of Kurds in the area actually began during ancient times. However, the desire for a Kurdish homeland did not begin until the early 1900’s, around the time of World War I. In his Fourteen Points, President Woodrow Wilson promised the Kurds a sovereign state (Hitchens, p. 54, 1992). The formation of a Kurdish st ate was supposed to have been accomplished through the Treaty of Sevres in 1920 which said that the Kurds could have an independent state if they wanted one (Bonner, p. 46, 1992). With the formation of Turkey in 1923, Kemal Ataturk, the new Turkish President, threw out the trea...

How Social Networking Sites Help Employers to Communicate Effectively Essay

How Social Networking Sites Help Employers to Communicate Effectively with Employees - Essay Example This phenomenon of communication through social networks has a greater impact in workplaces. This is because it has presented an opportunity for employers and employees to engage in their workplace under collective basis. FaceBook, Twitter, MySpace and LinkedIn are the four major social networking sites that are enhancing communication across the world. Effective communication using social media within workplaces is mainly reinforced by their ability to reach instantaneously to a vast number of people in an organization. It has also laid a platform that allows two way communications through instant messaging available in the chat rooms. In addition, effective communication has also been enhanced in the workplaces among employers and employees due to their easy accessibility and usability. This is because in the current world social networking sites are readily available to everyone who is able to use a smart phone or a computer. These factors have enhanced higher adoption of social s ites masking them the fundamental part of organizations every day’s life. This paper work focuses on how social networking sites help employers communicate more effectively with employees in order to enhance higher productivity and other added values at workplaces. Communication power of social networking sites in workplaces Internet and social networking media have greatly contributed to fundamental changes concerning ways in which people interact in the business world and other private spheres. Companies and other corporate organization across the world have played a catch-up in order to understand ways of harnessing the emerging technologies for better management. Employers in various organizations have responded to the rising technology in the modern world to facilitate relationships with their employees through social media. Various online communication channels such as emails and other instant messaging have changed efficiency and nature of communication processes in bu sinesses and other organizations. This is by maintaining relationships among working colleagues in order to enhance their primary roles. Since it is difficult for employers to contact all employees in their business organizations, social networking sites have provided an opportunity for them to have quicker and faster communication (Jue, Marr, & Kassotakis, 2009). In case of issues that need instant attention, employers are always in a position to send the messages through social networks such as MySpace and LinkedIn to their employees. This enables information to reach all employees within a short time making them to have quick reaction and decision toward what the employer require them to do. This has facilitated better collaboration of all subordinate workers and their employer in work places. Collaboration has greatly transformed work outputs in businesses and other organization due to effective communication between managers and their employees through networks that promote tea mwork (Kaupins, 2011). Frequent communication between employers and employees has also allowed everybody to contribute in enhancing better performance of organizations. This is because communication allows every subordinate member in an organization to grow together in a team. In addition, it has also been noted that most of the employees are young generation who are always determined to use social networking

Policy Analysis and Rationality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Policy Analysis and Rationality - Research Paper Example It is a plan of action that aims for desired outcomes. A policy is a set of decisions, which is oriented towards a long-term purpose or to a particular problem. Under ideal conditions, the policy-making apparatus is transparent, open, accessible, and amenable to change. However, often policy implementation reveals a wide gap between what is intended, and what actually the outcomes are. Public policy has two theoretical typologies; one, evidence-based academic inquiry and the other, practicality based institutional and professional experience. Pure research yields us the theoretical knowledge of ‘ what works’ institutional experience yields us the knowledge of ‘ what works in practicality’ The challenge for academics is to produce policy-relevant knowledge that can be practically applied in the field. The focus of activity in the institutional and professional arena is better management of learning and knowledge within government departments and agencies. Institutions help to develop systems, which can facilitate better management of ‘learning’ and enhance knowledge within government departments and agencies (Parsons, 2002). The policy is the administrative framework and mechanism to reach the desired outcomes. Policy decisions lead to outcomes that seek to change things for the better. Broadly and flexible, policy making is a participatory process involving the governments, the people represented by pressure groups and unions, and the media (Althaus, Bridgman, & Davis, 2008). Decisions thus made spell the course of action and guide the present as well as future decisions. The science of policy is pivoted around knowledge, policy-making, and power (Parsons, 2002). Policymaking necessarily consists of three successive stages of agenda setting, option formulation, and implementation. Yet, another stage of monitoring the outcomes and accordingly making directional changes can be added to it.

Supreme Court of the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supreme Court of the US - Essay Example It is evident from the very outset that the small, quiet city of Intrusion is indeed, in a state of panic; a state of affairs that the state is, in fact, responsible for – the protection of life. The suspicion that someone was selling methamphetamine illegally to the locals, more so to the underage [teenagers] and that and a popular life has been lost due to inappropriate use of the said chemical has been proved beyond doubt. I firm the legal principles that give the police department the right to protect life, people and their properties thereof. However, so must be done according to the constitution. In this very case, the state prosecutor advised the police department to talk with the local cell phone carrier about â€Å"cloning† the phone of a suspect, Mr. Doe’s, which was done, in effect, allowing the police to read text messages sent and received by Mr. Doe. In no time the police had evidence implicating Mr. Doe as a dealer and the location of the meth lab, leading to the accused being convicted and his meth lab being closed.   This case requires the explicit legal based decision on whether the interception of Mr. Doe’s text messages via a cloned phone was but an unreasonable search and seizure, exceeding the provisions of the Fourth Amendment. It is important to note that though individual’s privacy is doubt fundamental in this case, the degree to which the principles of search and seizure, more so of crucial evidence, promotes legitimate collective interests must not be lost, for laws enjoyed by every citizen of this nation also carry certain responsibilities (Bond v the United States 539).   Cell phones are important tools of communication, with criminal enterprises included in the same processes.

Promoting Good Health Primary Care

Promoting Good Health Primary Care Health professionals, particularly those working in primary care, have an important part to play in promoting good health. Therefore it is the intention of this essay to explain the theoretical base that underpins the nurses health promotion practice. Reference will be made specifically to promoting good nutritional intake and healthy lives for children. The essay will identify how evidence-based research concerning the subject of health promotion can be used to inform the practice of the nurse. The essay will highlight the priority given to the promotion of healthy eating by use of examining current government guidelines and healthcare strategies. This part of the essay will examine potential definitions of health. Health is not just about physical health but also about mental and social well-being. It may be most effective when meeting basic needs, accessing relevant information and relying on family or community support (Bury 2005). The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health (WHO 1998). The growth of interest and activity in health promotion over recent years must also attempt to develop some methods of prevention to ill-health (Downie et al. 2000). Factors surrounding the nutritional health of children has many elements; some of which include their genetic make-up, environmental influences and the stage of development of the child (Holden and MacDonald 2000). Eriksons (1968) established the psychosocial theory of development which took into consideration the effect of external aspects, parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood (Erikson 1968). According to Eriksons (1968) theory every person must pass through a series of eight inter-related stages of their life cycle. Stage number four is school-age child where children are learning and developing new skills and it is also a very social stage of development (Erikson 1968). Social issues will be discussed in more depth later in this essay. According to the Scottish Government nurses and midwives play a dynamic and vital role in improving health and delivering health services to the people of Scotland (Scottish Government 2001). Therefore in terms of promoting the health of children through healthy nutrition, nurses are encouraged to educate children through visits to schools, attending youth groups, giving advice to new parents and offering advice at clinics and so on. The school nurse works in cooperation with the school to produce an environment that promotes healthy living as well as looking after the needs of individual children (School Nurse 2010). Health education is important for preparing the social, practical and emotional knowledge of children and providing them with social skills. It also helps to protect and promote the health of children through an environment and culture which is safe, healthy and beneficial to learning (Department of Health 2004). Holden and MacDonald (2000) identified that nutritional e ducation is essential to enable children to make informed choices about food and understand the relationship between diet and health. Nurses are often available to give advice and guidance on good diet and nutrition and regularly give health talks at school assemblies. The next part of the essay will look at some of the legislation surrounding health promotion for children. School meals in Scotland have undergone a transformation over the past few years due to the Hungry for Success Initiative which introduced nutritional guidelines for school lunches (Fife Council 2010). The Schools Health Promotion and Nutrition Scotland Act (2007) encourages the Hungry for Success programme and requires all local authorities to ensure that food and drink provided in schools comply with the nutritional requirements specified in the regulations. This act places health promotion at the centre of school activities. It encourages local authorities to provide school pupils with healthy drinks and snacks either free of charge or at a reduced cost. It also requires local authorities to promote school meals and to also reduce the stigma attached for pupils having free school meals. Another project that was initiated was the Hygiene, Healthy Eating and Activity in Primary Schools Initiative (HHEAPS) (Food Standards Agency 2009). This was devised for schools to raise childrens awareness of food hygiene, healthy eating and physical activity and the main concept was to link the three together, providing children with a basic understanding of how colds and flu viruses spread, how they can feel mentally and physically better about themselves, as well as enjoy fun activities with their peers. The importance of health promotion in schools is a key part of the role of the school nurse and often concentrates on exercise and healthy eating which can include fighting obesity and perhaps even eating disorders (School Nurse 2010). The Scottish Government (in partnership with Learning Teaching Scotland and NHS Health Scotland), have produced a leaflet called Healthy at Schools: Healthy for Life which acts as a guide for parents to explain why schools are promoting health (Scottish Government 2009), so as to keep parents involved. Pupils are giving the opportunity to take part in a physical activity or sport and they learn about health in many different subjects. The social, mental, emotional and physical health of school pupils are the responsibility of all teaching and non-teaching staff in schools. Good nutrition has a positive influence on child development and any health promotion involvement that focus on children and young people can be the basis for a healthy lifestyle that may be continued into adulthood (Licence 2004). Therefore the priority of health promotion and nutrition education is directed mainly at changing diet and lifestyles, with the aim of reducing chronic diseases (Webb 2002). According to The Scottish Government (2008), 20% of primary one school children are classed as overweight, some even categorised as being obese. Childhood obesity can lead to childhood diabetes, early puberty in girls and can lead to some types of cancers and heart disease later in life (Kozier 2008). It is therefore vital to begin health promotion in children as early as possible, to allow them to make their own choices about their health as they become older. Having examined some of the policies surrounding health promotion, it is now appropriate to examine the role of the nurse as a health promoter in greater depth. The nurses role in health promotion and health education involves taking into account all of the processes involved from assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating, as these are all essential elements of a health promotion programme (Whitehead 2002). According to Kemm and Close (1995), health promotion is an activity that intends to prevent disease or promote health. One of the key aspects of health promotion is attitude and to suggest ways to change attitude and its associated behaviour is of the main objectives in health promotion (Downie et al. 2000). It is vital to adopt the most important approach to health promotion and Ewles and Simnett (2005) suggest five approaches to health promotion: medical, behavioural change, educational, empowerment and social change. In terms of health promotion for children the educatio nal approach and the behavioural change can be linked together as school education programmes can help pupils to learn the skills of healthy living thus aiming to change their attitudes and behaviour with the hope of them adopting a healthier lifestyle (Ewles and Simnett 2005). To provide structure for health promotion, several health promotion models have been developed. One of the better known and most popular one is Tannahills model of health promotion (1995) which describes health promotion as three interlinked circles that include health education, health prevention and health protection. As the circles overlap they form the seven components of health, and number five on the list positive health education is aimed at changing behaviour and encouraging beneficial use of leisure time as in exercise and fitness (Downie et al. 2000). Changing behaviour could be done by either educating parents in positive health or by showing the consequences of poor health. Health education is described as an activity aimed at informing people about the prevention of disease, and according to Naidoo and Wills (2000) health prevention can be divided into three categories. Primary prevention is aimed at prevention of the start of the disease, secondary is aimed at prevent ing the development of the disease and tertiary is aimed to reduce any further suffering for those who are already ill (Naidoo and Wills 2000). The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (WHO 1986) outlines the key principles for health promotion which include strengthening individuals personal skills and capacities, empowerment and because society is forever changing, be able to create a healthy working and living environment. Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) established the Determinants of Health model which explained how health is shaped by a variety of factors either positively or negatively. Economic, social and environmental conditions can determine the health of people and populations and also included in this model are the essential changes in the circumstances of daily life. Such factors can decide whether or not a person is in the right position, either physically, socially or personally to meet their requirements, succeed and be able to cope with changes in their situations (Local Government 2010). In terms of social issues, it is vital to highlight that promoting good health amongst children is virtually impossible unless parents are also targeted. Since parents and carers make most decisions regarding what a child eats, perhaps whether they can go out to play and whether they can join organised sporting activities, it is important that parents also have appropriate information on how to keep their child healthy (NHS Scotland 2010). Healthy families are better equipped to deal with challenges such as illness as they have developed effective coping strategies. Midwives can begin the process by giving targeted information to expectant parents on initiatives such as breast feeding, childhood immunisations and different activities to nurture happy, healthy babies. Some of these activities may include toddler swimming lessons or attending baby rhyme time classes (Netmums East of Scotland 2010). Nurses could then reinforce this by providing further information and advice during clin ics, nursery classes and through school-based drop-in advice services (Advice Guide 2010). Nurses can use their role as a liaison between health and education by working in partnership with members of the teaching profession to promote good health to young children. This might be by providing training for school-based staff to support children with healthcare needs such as asthma or diabetes or working with physical education teachers to encourage all children to take part in sports and other activities (The Scottish Government 2003). It is important that nurses show children why good nutritional intake is so important, by focusing on how it will not only prevent future illnesses, but it will help them to feel better and be more alert and active. It is also important to include how environmental issues such as poor housing, poor income and low levels of education can all affect the health of children (The Scottish Government 2003). Children can only follow through by choosing the healthy options they have been taught if they understand the importance of why they should cho ose a healthy diet (Frey and Barrett 2006). Fast food chains can also target children, and although many of them offer healthy choices, it is vital that children and parents understand the consequences of always choosing the unhealthy options, such as fatty foods potentially leading to heart disease, or sugary drinks leading to tooth decay (Food Standards Agency 2005). It might be possible to use educational aids such as pictures and videos to highlight to slightly older children and their parents of what could happen if they continually choose unhealthy foods (Brown and Ogden 2004). Nurses who work with children and young people also have an important role in identifying children who may be at risk of malnutrition. It is important for nurses to be able to recognise health problems that may be related to poor nutrition, for example, tiredness, slow growth, delayed puberty, pale skin and poor hair condition. The Royal College of Nursing (2006) suggests that basic screening of a childs nutritional status contributes significantly to identifying children at risk (RCN 2003). The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) have specific guidelines developed on evidence based clinical practice for the National Health Service (NHS) and they suggest that children whose families live in a deprived area should be considered as an increased risk of developing tooth decay (SIGN 2005). Parents and carers should receive oral hygiene education from the local dental team and health professionals should ensure that oral health messages are relevant and applicable to lifest yles and communities (SIGN 2005). Nurses need to take into account the social world of their patients and to understand their social situations. Factors within the social and maternal environment can influence health and development (Bromley and Cunningham-Burley 2010). The nurses role is to recognise the relationship between social issues and health and to be aware of cultural differences with regards to nutrition (Food Standards Agency 2002). According to Save the Children Scotland (2009) 240,000 children in Scotland live in poverty; that is one in four young people in families that struggle to get by every day. Families on low incomes find it hard to provide the basic necessities like decent, healthy food so therefore poverty affects the way that people eat (Save the Children Scotland 2009). Circumstances and the environment determine whether families are healthy or not. Genetics, relationships, education levels and income all have a huge impact on health (Anon. 2010). The nurses role in health promotion also incl udes health psychology which is the understanding of psychological influences on how people stay healthy. Health care professionals deal with problems identified by behaviours, attitudes, diet, exercise and so on (Ogden 2003). Some socially excluded families may not have the communication skills to identify and utilise what is available in terms of health promotion and disadvantaged families may have difficulty in taking up healthy options. Parents perceptions of healthy eating and exercising need to change and parents need to be more aware of the outcomes of an unhealthy diet. Children follow in their parents footsteps and do what they are brought up to think is correct. According to Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008), nurses are bound by and must adhere to the NMC Code of Conduct which states that it is the nurses duty to care for their patients and they must try and do what they think is best for them (NMC 2008). Nurses need to make people more aware of their role in promoting health and well-being of children and young people. Nurses need to work together with other health professionals including social care and local councils to change families attitudes and behaviours (Moyse 2009). Overall families are resilient and resourceful but they may need extra support and outside help to adapt successfully. Families cannot be forced to change but nurses can give them enough information and offer support to help them to change. Families need to believe that they can change and that changes will be good for them and that they will benefit from changing their lifestyles. Nurses need to influence the health of communities and problem areas. The Scottish Go vernment published a paper which provided a framework to support a programme which could help to deliver a policy for health improvement (The Scottish Government 2003). The main objectives in this paper for health improvement are that by 2010 -2012 life expectancy for people living in all areas of Scotland should be improved and it is also expected that inequalities between the most deprived and most comfortable groups should be reduced (Scottish Government 2003). In conclusion, this essay has examined some of the issues surrounding health promotion in children, focusing specifically on nutritional intake. It has firstly explained the knowledge base that underpins the nurses health promotion practice. The essay has looked at some of the legislation and government policies surrounding health promotion, and then also looked at the role of the nurse as a health promoter, and how a nurse must take into account social and educational issues when attempting to implement any health promotion initiative. The essay looked at a health promotion model and one component of this was discussed in more detail. Having examined current government guidelines and healthcare strategies, the essay then looked at guidelines that were developed on evidence based clinical research. Nurses should try to encourage people to take responsibility for their health and to make them more aware of the long term affects an unhealthy diet can have on younger children. Bad nutri tion affects skin, hair, nails and teeth. The essay has also discussed factors within the social and maternal environment which can influence health and development. It has also looked at why nurses must work together effectively with other health professionals to change family attitudes and behaviours. This essay has also discussed why people struggle to change, the effect of social class and health inequalities. Throughout completion of this essay it has become apparent that health promotion of children and young people is a vital part of the role of the nurse and the nurse can influence health improvement through health promotion. 2852 words

War in Iraq Essay -- essays research papers

The war in Iraq brings up a lot of questions, about the future decisions of President of the United States of America, Mr. George W. Bush. After the terrorist attack on the United States, which shook the whole world, US went to war with Iraq. I believe that this is a war on terrorism, and not an â€Å"Oil War†, how other like to refer to it. United States want to liberate people in Iraq and bring up the standards of living in that very rich, but at the same time poor country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before I come to my main topic of this essay, which is â€Å"Which Prince should G.W. Bush put in the Middle East?† I would like to talk a little about the history of international behaviors of the United States of America. After the Second World War United States was seeking for new allies. Well I should not be saying new, but for more allies. Also at that time there was an anti-communism in the US. As Soviet Union moved on across the Europe pushing the Germans back and defeating them. The countries which were left behind Soviet Union put socialistic governments, which brought new and more allies for Russia. But as timed passes United States saw that the best way to bring new allies is by putting democratic government. Which is United States did in Germany and Japan. But while US were busy with Europe and did not paid attention to the Middle East, Islamic countries were out of control. So now G.W.Bush would like to solve this problem, which brings another problem who is going to be...

Bred In South Auckland Essay

The poems â€Å"Bred in South Auckland, The trick of standing upright here, and The Indigenous Pakeha† is related to our theme study of ‘the importance of culture and cultural differences’ because Glenn Colquhoun shows how elements of their culture are important to him. This is shown when he explains how everyone belongs somewhere. That each culture is different yet unique and connected to other cultures; â€Å"The trick of standing upright here is the trick of using both feet.† An important message explained and shown through the poems is cultural and multi/sub-cultures, their lifestyles and how culture’s are stereotyped; â€Å"†¦I listen to talkback radio. I use EFPTOS. Some people think I am a typical pakeha.† This is related to how Glenn Colquhoun’s culture was different, and how he grew up looking over the fence; â€Å"Meeting is the grip inside a hand. It is the sound of met lips.† The text made me see how he uses stereotism and multi-cultural differences, making what I read interesting. Also how he used Paradox in places of the poems that may have seemed stranged but contained meaning and truth if you were reading it between the lines. We also both let go of the negative aspects of a culture. What I have learnt is that each culture is different, yet connected. That you use different parts of another culture in your own; â€Å"The art of walking upright here is the art of using both feet.† And another thing is to be proud of being different or multi-cultural; â€Å"I think I am the luckiest mongrel I know.† Bred in South Auckland, The trick of standing perpendicular here and The Indigenous Pakeha. Glenn Colquhoun. Poems. The poems Bred in South Auckland, The trick of standing upright here, and The Indigenous Pakeha is related to our theme study of the importance of subtlety and pagan differences because Glenn Colquhoun shows how elements of their finish are important to him. This is shown when he explains how everyone belongs somewhere. That individually culture is different yet unique and connected to otherwise cultures; The trick of standing upright here is the trick of utilize some(prenominal) feet. An important message explained and shown through the poems is cultural and multi/sub-cultures, their lifestyles and how cultures are stereotyped; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I listen to talkback radio. I use EFPTOS. Some people think I am a typical pakeha. This is related to how Glenn Colquhouns culture was different, and how he grew up looking over the fence; Meeting is the bewitch inside a hand. It is the sound of met lips. The text made me detect how he uses stereotism and multi-cultural differences, making what I read interesting. Also how he used Paradox in places of the poems that may break seemed stranged further contained meaning and truth if you were reading it between the lines. We also both let go of the negative aspects of a culture. What I have learnt is that each culture is different, yet connected. That you use different part of some other culture in your own; The art of walk of life upright here is the art of using both feet. And another thing is to be proud of being different or multi-cultural; I think I am the luckiest mongrel I:

Generation Gap: Mentors and Proteges Essay

When baby boomers reach retirement age; they start mentoring their replacements called generation Xers. Some boomers face difficulties in this process. William Slater; a computer engineer; faced problems while he was participating in his company’s formal mentoring program. One of his students tried to take his place in the organization by reporting negatively about him. Generation Xers even face issues in mentoring programs. Joel Bershok’s mentor dissolved relationship within 3 weeks of mentoring as his mentor did not trust him. This is because new replacements charge less and companies are ready to replace old people with new ones as this helps the company in decreasing cost. This happened with Janet Wheelar as she was replaced by two younger workers. There are beneficial effects of mentoring for the organizations. Mentoring increases employee productivity and job satisfaction. The issue is that many mentoring programs end up in failure due to mismatching of mentors and proteges. On the other hands organizations have benefited from such programs and they have continued using such programs. Mentors should take pride in helping new employees in making their careers. Women are the ones who have gained a lot from mentoring programs and they have reached top level management due to these programs. Knowledge should be passed on. A mentor teaches proteges and then a proteges becomes a mentor and teaches new employees. According to OB literature on Knowledge Management; the experience and the knowledge of the Baby Boomers should be captured and stored so new employees can benefit from that information. This means that Baby Boomers should provide education to new employees so training cost of the organization decreases and performance increases. According to OB literature; performance increases when employees know what they have to do on the job. When employees are able to do their tasks correctly; they gain job satisfaction.

10 Fascinating Facts About Butterflies

10 Fascinating Facts About Butterflies People love watching colorful butterflies float from flower to flower. From the tiniest blues to the largest swallowtails,  how much do you really know about these insects? Here are 10 fascinating facts about butterflies. Butterfly wings are transparent How can that be? We know butterflies as perhaps the most colorful, vibrant insects around! A butterflys wings are covered by thousands of tiny scales, and these scales reflect light in different colors. But underneath all of those scales, a  butterfly wing is actually formed by layers of chitin, the same protein that makes up an insects exoskeleton. These layers are so thin you can see right through them. As a butterfly ages, scales fall off the wings, leaving spots of transparency where the chitin layer is exposed. Butterflies taste with their feet Butterflies have taste receptors on their feet to help them find their host plants and locate food. A female butterfly lands on different plants, drumming the leaves with her feet until the plant releases its juices. Spines on the back of her legs have chemoreceptors that detect the right match of plant chemicals. When she identified the right plant, she lays her eggs. A butterfly will also step on its food, using organs that sense dissolved sugars to taste food sources like fermenting fruit. Butterflies live on an all-liquid diet Speaking of butterflies eating, adult butterflies can only feed on liquids, usually nectar. Their mouthparts are modified to enable them to drink, but they cant chew solids. A proboscis, which functions as a drinking straw, stays curled up under the butterflys chin until it finds a source of nectar or other liquid nutrition. It then unfurls the long, tubular structure and sips up a meal. A few butterflies feed on sap, and some even resort to sipping from decaying carrion. No matter the meal, they suck it up a straw. A butterfly must assemble its proboscis as soon as it emerges from the chrysalis A butterfly that cant drink nectar is doomed. One of its first jobs as an adult butterfly is to assemble its mouthparts. When a new adult emerges from the pupal case or chrysalis, its mouth is in two pieces. Using palpi located adjacent to the proboscis, the butterfly begins working the two parts together to form a single, tubular proboscis. You may see a newly emerged butterfly curling and uncurling the proboscis over and over, testing it out. Butterflies drink from mud puddles A butterfly cannot live on sugar alone; it needs minerals, too. To supplement its diet of nectar, a butterfly will occasionally sip from mud puddles, which are rich in minerals and salts. This behavior, called puddling, occurs more often in male butterflies, which incorporate the minerals into their sperm. These nutrients are then transferred to the female during mating, and help improve the viability of her eggs. Butterflies cant fly if theyre cold Butterflies need an ideal body temperature of about 85 ºF to fly. Since theyre cold-blooded animals, they cant regulate their own body temperatures. The surrounding air temperature has a big impact on their ability to function. If the air temperature falls below 55 ºF, butterflies are rendered immobile, unable to flee from predators or feed. When air temperatures range between 82 º-100 ºF, butterflies can fly with ease. Cooler days require a butterfly to warm up its flight muscles, either by shivering or basking in the sun. Even sun-loving butterflies can get overheated when temperatures soar above 100 °Ã‚  F and may seek shade to cool down.   A newly emerged butterfly cant fly Inside the chrysalis, a developing butterfly waits to emerge with its wings collapsed around its body. When it finally breaks free of the pupal case, it greets the world with tiny, shriveled wings. The butterfly must immediately pump body fluid through its wing veins to expand them. Once its wings reach full-size, the butterfly must rest for a few hours to allow its body to dry and harden before it can take its first flight. Butterflies live just a few weeks, usually Once it emerges from its chrysalis as an adult, a butterfly has only 2-4 short weeks to live, in most cases. During that time, it focuses all its energy on two tasks – eating and mating. Some of the smallest butterflies, the blues, may only survive a few days. Butterflies that overwinter as adults, like monarchs and mourning cloaks, can live as long as 9 months. Butterflies are nearsighted, but they can see and discriminate a lot of colors Within about 10-12 feet, butterfly eyesight is quite good. Anything beyond that distance gets a little blurry to a butterfly, though. Butterflies rely on their eyesight for vital tasks, like finding mates of the same species and finding flowers on which to feed. In addition to seeing some of the colors we can see, butterflies can see a range of ultraviolet colors invisible to the human eye. The butterflies themselves may have ultraviolet markings on their wings to help them identify one another and locate potential mates. Flowers, too, display ultraviolet markings that act as traffic signals to incoming pollinators like butterflies – pollinate me! Butterflies employ all kinds of tricks to keep from being eaten Butterflies rank pretty low on the food chain, with lots of hungry predators happy to make a meal of them. Some butterflies fold their wings to blend into the background, using camouflage to render themselves all but invisible to predators. Others try the opposite strategy, wearing vibrant colors and patterns that boldly announce their presence. Bright colored insects often pack a toxic punch if eaten, so predators learn to avoid them. Some butterflies arent toxic at all, but pattern themselves after other species known for their toxicity. By mimicking their foul-tasting cousins, they repel predators.

A porters 5 forces analysis of Shinetech (Chinese IT Outsourcing Essay

A porters 5 forces analysis of Shinetech (Chinese IT Outsourcing company) - Essay Example Rivalry is an inevitable phenomenon in the business environment. Firms operate in a competitive environment, all of them aiming at capturing a sizeable market share that adequately maximizes revenue generation and profitability (Porter, 1979, p.5-8). Shinetech Company is a key global IT industry mover. To counter rivalry issues, the company employs agile thinking in its operations and further undertakes quality assurance in a bid to maintain a competitive advantage over its rivals. The IT industry unlike other industries does not face strict barriers to entry. In major and highly expensive product and service offering situations however, significant entry barriers are experienced. New entrants into the industry reduce marker share ratios and further reduce revenue generation and profitability for other firms. Entry of new firms or establishment of new divisions by existing firms poses survival threats for some firms, while it creates high benefits for others. To remain competitive in this environment, Shinetech Company has developed an in-house programme for its clients, reduced time to the market and adopted greater flexibility in business (O’Shaughnessy, 2006, p.13-17). As a result, the company maintains its market share and continues to capture more even with entry threats. The company enjoys a diversified product and service portfolio for its customers. New business entities keep coming up, a scenario that Shinetech is concerned about. It is understood that customers are rational, and they therefore seek to maximize their utility at the minimum cost possible. This means that they prefer low costs but high product and service quality. Firms on the other seek to sell as much as they can and at the maximum price possible. Shinetech Company is result-oriented, and therefore has a competitive advantage over rival companies. The company’s clientele is primarily global enterprises that demand software

Effects of Alcohol on the Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effects of Alcohol on the Body - Essay Example ut the adverse effects of alcohol, my desire to speak to you about your alcohol consumption has risen, especially so that I am very much aware of your symptoms. I have learned that alcohol is an irritant which explains the burning sensation as it goes down (Kinney, 2011). However, that is not the only thing that happens as you consume more and more alcohol. Imagine what happens to your skin if you scratch it a number of times. It gets irritated and turns red. If you continue scratching it, it could either inflame or bleed. Similarly, alcohol destroys the lining of the stomach and small intestines, making patients suffer stomach pains which I know you have been complaining about for months now. However, what makes me more concerned is not only your symptom but also my suspicion that what you are suffering from is not simply inflammation but perhaps an open sore in your stomach’s lining. I strongly suggest that you see your doctor very soon before your condition gets